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Environmental and economic assessment of vegetable oil production using membrane separation and vaporrecompression

Weibin Kong, Qi Miao, Peiyong Qin, Jan Baeyens, Tianwei Tan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 166-176 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1616-4

摘要： Solvent extraction of crude oil from oilseeds is widely applied for its high production capacity and low cost. In this process, solvent recovery and tail gas treatment are usually performed by adsorption, paraffin scrubbing, or even cryogenics (at low tail gas flow rates). Membrane separation, which has a lower energy consumption than these techniques, spans a broad range of admissible concentrations and flow rates, and is moreover easily combined with other techniques. Vapor recompression has potentials to reduce the heat loss in association with distillation and evaporation. In this study, we proved the possibility of combining membrane separation and vapor recompression to improve the conventional vegetable oil production, by both experiments and process simulation. Nearly 73% of energy can be saved in the process of vegetable oil extraction by the novel processing approach. By further environmental assessment, several impact categories show that the optimized process is environmentally sustainable.

关键词： vegetable oil     solvent-extraction     membrane separation     vapor recompression     environmental and economic assessment    

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Separation of

Wei Hou, Qingjun Zhang, Aiwu Zeng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1169-1184 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2018-6

摘要： In this study, vapor recompression and heat integration assisted distillation arrangements with either the low or high pressure in the reflux drum are proposed to reduce and/or eliminate the application of the costly refrigerant for the separation of -heptane and isobutanol mixture. The high-pressure arrangement with vapor recompression and heat integration is the most attractive among these four intensified configurations since it can reduce total annual cost by 18.10%, CO emissions by 75.01% based on natural gas (78.78% based on heavy oil fuel), and second-law efficiency by 61.20% compared to a conventional refrigerated distillation system. Furthermore, exergy destruction in each component is calculated for the heat integration configurations and is shown in pie diagrams. The results demonstrate that the high-pressure configuration presents unique advantages in terms of thermodynamic efficiency compared to the low-pressure case. In addition, dynamic control investigation is performed for the economically efficient arrangement and good product compositions are well controlled through a dual-point temperature control strategy with almost negligible product offsets and quick process responses when addressing 20% step changes in production rate and feed composition. Note that there are no composition measurement loops in our developed control schemes.

关键词： n-heptane/isobutanol     vapor recompression     heat integration     low and/or high-pressure options    

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Heat transfer characteristics of high heat flux vapor chamber

Dongchuan MO, Shushen LU, Haoliang ZHENG, Chite CHIN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 166-170 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0076-z

摘要： To meet the challenge of heat spreading in electronic products, highly efficient high heat flux heat transfer vapor chambers have been manufactured and their heat transfer characteristics have been studied by a fast test system. A solid copper block with the same shape as the vapor chamber is used to compare the performance of the vapor chamber. The result shows that, it will take about 5min to achieve a steady state in the fast test system. The heat transfer characteristics of the vapor chamber are more superior to those of the copper block. In this paper, total thermal resistance of the test system is used to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of the vapor chamber, because it has already been used to consider both the spreading thermal resistance and the flatness of the vapor chamber.

关键词： high heat flux     vapor chamber (VC)     heat transfer characteristics     fast test    

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New refrigeration system using CO vapor-solid as refrigerant

HUANG Dongping, DING Guoliang, QUACK Hans

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 494-498 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0070-x

摘要： A refrigerant must be in the vapor-liquid phase in a vapor-compression refrigeration system, therefore, CO cannot be used as a refrigerant for temperatures lower than -56°C because solid CO will form under the triple point temperature of -56°C. A refrigeration system with CO vapor-solid particles as refrigerant is put forward, by which a temperature lower than the triple point is achieved. An adjustable nozzle, a sublimator, a high-pressure regulating valve and a low-pressure regulating valve are used to replace the conventional evaporator. Theoretical cycle analysis of the refrigeration system shows that its COP can be 50% higher than that of the conventional one.

关键词： refrigerant     adjustable     temperature     vapor-compression refrigeration     sublimator    

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Modeling of coal swelling induced by water vapor adsorption

Zhejun PAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 94-103 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1172-2

摘要： Gas adsorption-induced coal swelling is a well-know phenomenon. Coal swelling or shrinkage by adsorption or desorption of water vapor has not been well understood but has significant implications on gas drainage process for underground coal mining and for primary and enhanced coalbed methane production. Decreased matrix moisture content leads to coal shrinkage and thus the change of cleat porosity and permeability under reservoir conditions. Unlike gas adsorption in coal which usually forms a single layer of adsorbed molecules, water vapor adsorption in the coal micropores forms multilayer of adsorbed molecules. In this work, a model has been developed to describe the coal swelling strain with respect to the amount of moisture intake by the coal matrix. The model extended an energy balance approach for gas adsorption-induced coal swelling to water vapor adsorption-induced coal swelling, assuming that only the first layer of adsorbed molecules of the multilayer adsorption changes the surface energy, which thus causes coal to swell. The model is applied to describe the experimental swelling strain data measured on an Australian coal. The results show good agreement between the model and the experimental data.

关键词： multilayer adsorption     vapour pressure     coal shrinkage     relative humidity     permeability    

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Thermodynamic study on dynamic water and organic vapor sorption on amorphous valnemulin hydrochloride

Jinbo OUYANG, Jingkang WANG, Yongli WANG, Qiuxiang YIN, Hongxun HAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 94-104 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1460-3

摘要： The sorption of water and organic vapors on valnemulin hydrochloride was determined by dynamic vapor sorption at 25 °C. The adsorption-desorption behavior of water vapor and a series of organic vapors was investigated to probe the structural changes in valnemulin hydrochloride before and after sorption. The isothermal adsorption equilibrium data was evaluated using Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models. The BET model is applicable only at low relative pressures (0.1≤RP≤0.4) while the GAB model is applicable in the whole range of RPs (0.1≤RP≤0.9). The sorption kinetics at high RPs was determined by fitting the sorption data to the Avrami equation and the sorption content time relationship could be predicted by the Avrami equation. Finally, the possible sorption mechanism of valnemulin hydrochloride was also discussed.

关键词： valnemulin hydrochloride     water vapor     organic vapors     sorption     kinetics    

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of carbon nanotubes in a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor via the catalytic chemical vapor

Sophie L. Pirard, Sigrid Douven, Jean-Paul Pirard

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 280-289 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1635-1

摘要： This article reports the different steps of the design, development and validation of a process for continuous production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via catalytic chemical vapor deposition from the laboratory scale to the industrial production. This process is based on a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor and very active catalysts using methane or ethylene as carbon source. The importance of modeling taking into account the hydrodynamic, physicochemical and physical phenomena that occur during CNT production in the process analysis is emphasized. The impact of this invention on the environment and human health is taken into consideration too.

关键词： carbon nanotubes     catalytic chemical vapor deposition     inclined rotating reactor     industrial process     scaling-up    

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Shock wave of vapor-liquid two-phase flow

ZHAO Liangju, GAO Hong, TANG Jingwen, YUAN Yuexiang, WANG Fei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 344-347 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0065-7

摘要： The shock wave of vapor-liquid two-phase flow in a pressure-gain steam injector is studied by building a mathematic model and making calculations. The results show that after the shock, the vapor is nearly completely condensed. The upstream Mach number and the volume ratio of vapor have a great effect on the shock. The pressure and Mach number of two-phase shock conform to the shock of ideal gas. The analysis of available energy shows that the shock is an irreversible process with entropy increase.

关键词： available     mathematic     conform     vapor-liquid two-phase     analysis    

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Recovery of free volume in PIM-1 membranes through alcohol vapor treatment

Faiz Almansour, Monica Alberto, Rupesh S. Bhavsar, Xiaolei Fan, Peter M. Budd, Patricia Gorgojo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 872-881 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2001-2

摘要： Physical aging is currently a major obstacle for the commercialization of PIM-1 membranes for gas separation applications. A well-known approach to reversing physical aging effects of PIM-1 membranes at laboratory scale is soaking them in lower alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol. However, this procedure does not seem applicable at industrial level, and other strategies must be investigated. In this work, a regeneration method with alcohol vapors (ethanol or methanol) was developed to recover permeability of aged PIM-1 membranes, in comparison with the conventional soaking-in-liquid approach. The gas permeability and separation performance, before and post the regeneration methods, were assessed using a binary mixture of CO and CH (1:1, v:v). Our results show that an 8-hour methanol vapor treatment was sufficient to recover the original gas permeability, reaching a CO permeability>7000 barrer.

关键词： polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)     PIM-1     physical aging     gas separation     vapor-phase regeneration    

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Mercury source zone identification using soil vapor sampling and analysis

David WATSON,Carrie MILLER,Brian LESTER,Kenneth LOWE,George SOUTHWORTH,Mary Anna BOGLE,Liyuan LIANG,Eric PIERCE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 596-604 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0709-2

摘要： Development and demonstration of reliable measurement techniques that can detect and help quantify the nature and extent of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in the subsurface are needed to reduce uncertainties in the decision-making process and increase the effectiveness of remedial actions. We conducted field tests at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, to determine if sampling and analysis of Hg(0) vapors in the shallow subsurface (<0.3 m depth) can be used to as an indicator of the location and extent of Hg(0) releases in the subsurface. We constructed a rigid polyvinyl chloride push probe assembly, which was driven into the ground. Soil gas samples were collected through a sealed inner tube of the assembly and were analyzed immediately in the field with a Lumex and/or Jerome Hg(0) analyzer. Time-series sampling showed that Hg vapor concentrations were fairly stable over time, suggesting that the vapor phase Hg(0) was not being depleted and that sampling results were not sensitive to the soil gas purge volume. Hg(0) vapor data collected at over 200 push probe locations at 3 different release sites correlated very well to areas of known Hg(0) contamination. Vertical profiling of Hg(0) vapor concentrations conducted at two locations provided information on the vertical distribution of Hg(0) contamination in the subsurface. We conclude from our studies that soil gas sampling and analysis can be conducted rapidly and inexpensively at large scales to help identify areas contaminated with Hg(0).

关键词： push probe     spill     characterization     mapping     gas    

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catalyst for the selective hydroamination of cyclohexene with cyclohexylamine to dicyclohexylamine in the vapor

Jingbin Wen, Kuiyi You, Minjuan Chen, Jian Jian, Fangfang Zhao, Pingle Liu, Qiuhong Ai, He’an Luo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 654-665 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1973-2

摘要： In this work, a new mesoporous silicon sulfonic acid catalyst derived from silicic acid has been successfully prepared by the chemical bonding method. The physicochemical properties of mesoporous silicon sulfonic acid catalysts have been systematically characterized using various techniques. The results demonstrate that sulfonic acid groups have been grafted on silicic acid by forming a new chemical bond (Si–O–S). The mesoporous silicon sulfonic acid exhibits excellent catalytic performance and stability in the vapor phase hydroamination reaction of cyclohexene with cyclohexylamine. Cyclohexene conversion of 61% and 97% selectivity to dicyclohexylamine was maintained after running the reaction for over 350 h at 280 °C. The developed mesoporous silicon sulfonic acid catalyst shows advantages of low cost, superior acid site accessibility, and long term reactivity stability. Moreover, a possible catalytic hydroamination reaction mechanism over silicon sulfonic acid was suggested. It has been demonstrated that the sulfonic acid groups of the catalyst play an important role in the hydroamination. The present work provides a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the hydroamination of cyclohexene to valuable dicyclohexylamine, which also shows important industrial application prospects.

关键词： mesoporous silicon sulfonic acid     catalytic hydroamination     cyclohexene     dicyclohexylamine     vapor phase    

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A novel cryogenic insulation system of hollow glass microspheres and self-evaporation vapor-cooled shield

Jianpeng ZHENG, Liubiao CHEN, Ping WANG, Jingjie ZHANG, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 570-577 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0642-y

摘要： Liquid hydrogen (LH ) attracts widespread attention because of its highest energy storage density. However, evaporation loss is a serious problem in LH storage due to the low boiling point (20 K). Efficient insulation technology is an important issue in the study of LH storage. Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) is a potential promising thermal insulation material because of its low apparent thermal conductivity, fast installation (Compared with multi-layer insulation, it can be injected in a short time.), and easy maintenance. A novel cryogenic insulation system consisting of HGMs and a self-evaporating vapor-cooled shield (VCS) is proposed for storage of LH . A thermodynamic model has been established to analyze the coupled heat transfer characteristics of HGMs and VCS in the composite insulation system. The results show that the combination of HGMs and VCS can effectively reduce heat flux into the LH tank. With the increase of VCS number from 1 to 3, the minimum heat flux through HGMs decreases by 57.36%, 65.29%, and 68.21%, respectively. Another significant advantage of HGMs is that their thermal insulation properties are not sensitive to ambient vacuum change. When ambient vacuum rises from 10 Pa to 1 Pa, the heat flux into the LH tank increases by approximately 20%. When the vacuum rises from 10 Pa to 100 Pa, the combination of VCS and HGMs reduces the heat flux into the tank by 58.08%–69.84% compared with pure HGMs.

关键词： liquid hydrogen storage     hollow glass microspheres (HGMs)     self-evaporation vapor-cooled shield (VCS)     thermodynamic optimization    

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无溶剂气相制备用于可持续分离过程的膜材料 Perspective

赵俊杰, Karen K. Gleason

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第12期   页码 1432-1442 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.002

摘要：

可用于水净化、碳捕集、生物燃料生产、燃料电池运行以及节能工业分离操作的可持续化工过程亟待发展下一代膜材料。膜的无溶剂制备不仅消除了有机溶剂的潜在环境问题，而且解决了脆弱聚合物基材的膨胀问题。此外，采用无溶剂气相沉积方法可以减少合成微孔材料[如金属有机骨架（MOF）]所需的活化步骤。本文综述了几种真空沉积工艺，包括引发式化学气相沉积（iCVD）、引发式等离子体增强化学气相沉积（iPECVD）、无溶剂气相沉积原位聚合（SLIP）、原子层沉积（ALD） 和分子层沉积（MLD）。这些无溶剂气相沉积方法在制备薄膜复合膜结构中的超薄选择层方面极具优势，而且能够保形地修饰纳米级孔道并精确调节孔径和孔内官能团。所制备的膜在气体分离、 纳滤、海水淡化和水/油分离等方面表现出颇具应用潜力的性能。因此，开发新型膜材料、放大可用于无溶剂气相沉积的高通量反应器将对化学工业产生巨大影响。

关键词： 膜分离     化学气相沉积     原子层沉积     分子层沉积     薄膜     金属有机骨架     聚合物     先进制造    

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Growth and properties analysis of metal-organic chemical vapor deposited MgZnO films on -AlO substrates

SHI Zengliang, LIU Dali, YAN Xiaolong, GAO Zhongmin, BAI Shiying

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第3期   页码 261-264 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0036-z

摘要： MgZnO (0 < ? 0.12) thin films with the wurtzite structure have been successfully grown on -AlO substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry, and transmission measurements are performed to study the characteristics of MgZnO thin films. Results show that with increasing Mg content, the diffraction peak of MgZnO thin films shifts towards a higher diffraction angle (the biggest shift is 0.22°), and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak is broadened. Meanwhile, a blue-shift occurs at the near-band-edge (NBE) emission peak and the largest blue-shift of the band gap of the MgZnO films is 113 meV with Mg content = 0.12. Therefore, the energy band gap of the MgZnO films is determined by Mg content in the thin films and the energy band gap increases with an increase of Mg content.

关键词： increase     photoelectron spectroscopy     transmission     wurtzite structure     MgZnO    

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Ultrafast solid-liquid-vapor phase change of a thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses

Jing HUANG, Yuwen ZHANG, J. K. CHEN, Mo YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 1-11 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0179-9

摘要： Effects of different parameters on the melting, vaporization and resolidification processes of thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond pulses and pulse train were systematically studied. The classical two-temperature model was adopted to depict the non-equilibrium heat transfer in electrons and lattice. The melting and resolidification processes, which was characterized by the solid-liquid interfacial velocity, as well as elevated melting temperature and depressed solidification temperature, was obtained by considering the interfacial energy balance and nucleation dynamics. Vaporization process which leads to ablation was described by tracking the location of liquid-vapor interface with an iterative procedure based on energy balance and gas kinetics law. The parameters in discussion included film thickness, laser fluence, pulse duration, pulse number, repetition rate, pulse train number, etc. Their effects on the maximum lattice temperature, melting depth and ablation depth were discussed based on the simulation results.

关键词： melting     evaporation     nucleation dynamics     nanoscale heat transfer    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Environmental and economic assessment of vegetable oil production using membrane separation and vaporrecompression

Weibin Kong, Qi Miao, Peiyong Qin, Jan Baeyens, Tianwei Tan

期刊论文

Separation of

Wei Hou, Qingjun Zhang, Aiwu Zeng

期刊论文

Heat transfer characteristics of high heat flux vapor chamber

Dongchuan MO, Shushen LU, Haoliang ZHENG, Chite CHIN,

期刊论文

New refrigeration system using CO vapor-solid as refrigerant

HUANG Dongping, DING Guoliang, QUACK Hans

期刊论文

Modeling of coal swelling induced by water vapor adsorption

Zhejun PAN

期刊论文

Thermodynamic study on dynamic water and organic vapor sorption on amorphous valnemulin hydrochloride

Jinbo OUYANG, Jingkang WANG, Yongli WANG, Qiuxiang YIN, Hongxun HAO

期刊论文

of carbon nanotubes in a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor via the catalytic chemical vapor

Sophie L. Pirard, Sigrid Douven, Jean-Paul Pirard

期刊论文

Shock wave of vapor-liquid two-phase flow

ZHAO Liangju, GAO Hong, TANG Jingwen, YUAN Yuexiang, WANG Fei

期刊论文

Recovery of free volume in PIM-1 membranes through alcohol vapor treatment

Faiz Almansour, Monica Alberto, Rupesh S. Bhavsar, Xiaolei Fan, Peter M. Budd, Patricia Gorgojo

期刊论文

Mercury source zone identification using soil vapor sampling and analysis

David WATSON,Carrie MILLER,Brian LESTER,Kenneth LOWE,George SOUTHWORTH,Mary Anna BOGLE,Liyuan LIANG,Eric PIERCE

期刊论文

catalyst for the selective hydroamination of cyclohexene with cyclohexylamine to dicyclohexylamine in the vapor

Jingbin Wen, Kuiyi You, Minjuan Chen, Jian Jian, Fangfang Zhao, Pingle Liu, Qiuhong Ai, He’an Luo

期刊论文

A novel cryogenic insulation system of hollow glass microspheres and self-evaporation vapor-cooled shield

Jianpeng ZHENG, Liubiao CHEN, Ping WANG, Jingjie ZHANG, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

期刊论文

无溶剂气相制备用于可持续分离过程的膜材料

赵俊杰, Karen K. Gleason

期刊论文

Growth and properties analysis of metal-organic chemical vapor deposited MgZnO films on -AlO substrates

SHI Zengliang, LIU Dali, YAN Xiaolong, GAO Zhongmin, BAI Shiying

期刊论文

Ultrafast solid-liquid-vapor phase change of a thin gold film irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses

Jing HUANG, Yuwen ZHANG, J. K. CHEN, Mo YANG

期刊论文